Ronald Reagan Was A Fiscally Liberal President - 1962 Words

Neither Republicans nor Democrats will admit it today, but Ronald Reagan was a very fiscally liberal president. His eagerness to please citizens with tax cuts and a boost in defense spending, all while balancing the budget, seemed well placed, but with the largest deficit run in peacetime up to that time, Reagan proved he did not have the heart to make cuts to control the budget. Additionally, the change from reactionary monetary policy to monetarism by Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker dealt with the increasing inflation and unemployment problem of the late 1970’s, but at the cost of deep recession. Reagan, who as a candidate had promised economic prosperity, found himself in a difficult situation, as his plans for growth were†¦show more content†¦The lackluster effort of the Fed to control the money supply shows their true hand. In the mid to late 70s, the increasing inflation had gone out of control, and Volcker made it his mission to stop that inflation. To th e members of the Federal Reserve Board, this policy was clearly to reduce inflation, but market outsiders were confused by the Fed’s switch in policy, and scared by the volatility of the money supply. In 1981, the uncertainty of Federal Reserve policy could be seen in the bond markets, which rely heavily on stable interest rates. According to Greider, the bond market had a â€Å"traumatic seizure† that could best be described as an â€Å"anxiety attack† in April of 1981, as a result of the monetary policy pursued by the Fed, which fundamentally abandoned the control of interest rates (Greider 374). With the new policy, the Fed caused interest rates to fluctuate with the money supply, which relies heavily on the velocity of money, or the amount of times money changes hands over an interval of time. Monetarists believed that the velocity of money was constant, and criticized the Fed for not simply increasing the money supply slowly over time, but tit became clear in the early 80s that the velocity was not constant at all. Even thoughShow MoreRelatedNational Debt : The Biggest Issue Of The Global Politics1270 Words   |  6 Pagesbe a major concern to all American citizens and tax payers, because they contribute to government spending a great deal. In 1790, Alexander Hamilton stated in the first report on the public credit that: The United States debt, foreign and domestic, was the price of liberty. The faith of America has been repeatedly pledged for it... Among ourselves, the most enlightened friends of good government are those whose expectations of prompt payment are the highest. To justify and preserve their confidence;

The Odyssey And Oedipus The King How Bonds And Abilities...

The Odyssey and Oedipus The King: How Bonds And Abilities Shape Our Lives Both The Odyssey and Oedipus the King demonstrate different extremes of the kinds of relationships and abilities that still exist in our society today. Our lives are determined by the people who influence us as well as the choices that we make, which are influenced by our individual talents and abilities. In both works, the correlation between personal bonds and individual abilities appears in the protagonists and their families. Father and son relationships and the triumphs and downfalls that occur because of the unequal distribution of strength and intellect between individuals are two representational ideas that correlate between both works and attempt to demonstrate how our lives develop and the outcome of our destiny. The bond between parents and their children, more specifically fathers and sons, is unlike any other. The bond that they share, if there is even a bond to be shared, is determined by the lives of both and the decisions that they make. In The Odyssey and Oedipus the King, there are four main father and son arcs that must meet. In a way, these arcs represent the different kinds of bonds that still exist in the world today. Our parents and their involvement or absence in our lives plays a large part in how we develop and what drives our lives. In Odysseus and Laertes relationship, Odysseus seems to be his father’s pride and joy. During Odysseus’s absence Laertes practically withersShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 Pages  Greek   mythology.  Athena  (known  as  Minerva  in  Roman  mythology)  was  protector  of  numerous  Greek  cities,  especially   Athens,  and  was  associated  with  industry,  art,  wisdom,  and  warfare.  In  the  two  major  epics  of  Greek  antiquity,  the   Iliad  and  the  Odyssey,  Athena  fought  on  the  side  of  the  Greeks  in  the  Trojan  War  and  aided  Odysseus  in  his  return   home  from  the  war.  The  Greeks  dedicated  numerous  buildings  and  shrines  to  Athena,  including  the  prominent   temple  in  Athens,  the  Parthenon.  This  ancient  Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills40413 1 Words   |  1617 PagesRating Scale 166 Comparison Data 166 Source of Personal Stress 166 3 SOLVING PROBLEMS ANALYTICALLY AND CREATIVELY 167 SKILL ASSESSMENT 168 Diagnostic Surveys for Creative Problem Solving 168 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 168 How Creative Are You ? 169 Innovative Attitude Scale 171 Creative Style Assessment 172 SKILL LEARNING 174 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 174 Steps in Analytical Problem Solving 174 Defining the Problem 174 Generating Alternatives 176 Evaluating

Qualitative Characteristics of Financial †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Qualitative Characteristics of Financial. Answer: Introduction: Conceptual framework is an accounting theory prepared by the regulatory body of accounting standard setters which can be used to solve the practical issues of financial reporting. The general purpose financial statements are aimed at imparting the financial information to the intended users, especially, the current and potential investors as they are the external parties and hence are not involved in the preparation and presentation of reports. These parties play important role for an entity as they invest huge amount of funds in it. To take critical decisions about their investments they require entitys financial reports. Financial information is the organised form of raw accounting related data that is presented in the financial terms for the purpose of financial reporting requirements. While making the presentation of such significant information in the financial reports an entitys professional accountant has the statutory duty to fulfil the requirements of conceptual framework of accounting (IASB, 2010). The framework on financial reporting prescribes certain qualitative characteristics which the information contained in the financial reports must possess. As significant decisions are made using such information it is necessary that it is reliable, relevant, understandable and comparable. These features increases the overall quality of the financial reports of the entity. If the information is not carrying the prescribed qualities it may not reflect the true picture of companys financial situation which misleads the intended users. An information is called relevant when it has the capability of the influencing the decisions of intended users. The relevant quality of the information must provide it the predictive value and confirmative value (Birt, Muthusamy Bir, 2017) (Jones Smith, 2011). Also, the information must be reliable so as to be used by the users in understanding the financial performance as well as the situation of the reporting entity. Reliabi lity of the information is generated when it is faithfully represented in the financial statements (Collier, 2015). Both the relevance and faithful representation are fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial information. However, the requirement of informations faithfulness can be considered as more important as in comparison to the relevance feature. Even if the relevant information is disclosed in the statement and reports but if is not free from material errors or is no complete in the holistic manner than it would not be useful to the readers. The term faithful representation has replaced the term reliability as was used previously. It requires the financial statements to depict accurate information of the companys business. This feature of information must be applied to all the significant parts of financial statements like results of operating segments, companys financial position and the entire cash flows of the company (Kadous, Koonce, Thayer, 2012).The informat ion that possess faithfulness as its characteristics will have mainly three aspects. First, the information must be free from any kind of bias treatment and hence it must be neutral. The neutrality concept requires the preparers of financial reports to present the financial statements in such a way that it reflects the true position of reporting entity without inflating its profitability merely to make it attractive or to gain some undue advantages. Unbiased accounting treatment is necessary to promote and maintain the greater level of transparency of the companys operations. Second, the information is considered as faithful when it is free from material that means the reports must not contain any errors either in terms of presentation or in calculation (Lusardi Mitchell Curto, 2010). Only if the information is accurate then it will reflect the true and fair view of companys financial situation. The relevant information if not correctly prepared or presented may impair its ability to influence the thought process of its investors (Kargin, 2013). Third, the information must be complete in each sense as an incomplete information can lead the investors or potential investors to take inappropriate decisions about the company. An information is reliable only when it faithfully represents all the necessary events and transactions of entitys operations. If the information holds influencing power by nature but is not represented or disclosed in the reliable manner than it would not be able to serve its purpose (Nobes Stadler, 2015). Given the nature of accounting standard setting it is not possible for the preparers of financial reports to achieve the quality of faithful representation because of the inherent uncertainties, assumptions and estimates made in accounting. These factors might not always allow the financial information to be free from material errors. Hence, it would be difficult for the preparers to achieve this feature. However, if any omission or error does not affect the explanation of economic phenomena of financial information and the processes that have been used in producing the reported information are selected and applied with no errors the faithfulness can be still be achieved. Alternative Normative Theories to Historical Cost Accounting Normative theories of accounting are those theories that are not based on the observations rather they based formed on the basis of the ways that tells how accounting operations are undertaken. These theories are believed to use various differing methodologies to ultimately find the best and suitable accounting opinion. They use few formulas to determine business income based on the values and not on the costs. Historical cost is the aggregate of prices paid by the company to acquire and install the asset to make it available in the working condition. The approach that Historical cost accounting follows is based on the actual cost incurred in acquiring the ownership of asset and under this accounting the same cost is disclosed in the balance sheet of the firm (Greenberg, et.al, 2013). There are certain strengths and weaknesses of this concept. Its strengths includes the objectivity provided it as the financial statements are not affected by the increase and decrease in the values of its elements. So it avoids the chances of data manipulation. Further, this method of accounting is quite convenient and simple to be implemented in comparison to the other methods of valuation. Moreover, the use of historical cost accounting promotes the level of consistency of financial statements making it easier for the readers to compare the information with other related data. At the same time HCA suffers from various limitations which affects its usability such as it does not consider change in prices leading to overstatement of profits in inflationary times. Further, this approach impairs the current operating results of the company by making inclusions of holding gains which were accrued in last years, in the income of current year. Moreover, this approach contributes to misleading financial statements (Coetsee, 2010). There are several accounting theories which are advanced as the alternatives to accounting historical cost was holding many limitations especially in case of rising prices. As this particular accounting works on the assumption that money always holds a purchasing power that remains constant. Below is the discussion of alternative normative theories of historical cost approach of valuation: Current Purchasing Power Accounting (CPPA): This accounting model was approved by IASB (international board for accounting standards) and was advanced as an alternative to the accounting based on historical cost. It has the view that in the rising price times i.e. in inflation, if entity distributes the unadjusted profits on the basis of historical costs it would amount to reduction in the entitys real value. Therefore, under this approach the financial statements prepare on historical cost basis will be restated to incorporate the changes in purchasing power of public and the adjusted statements would represent the original amounts on the basis of purchasing power of the current time. Current cost accounting is another alternative normative theory to the historical cost accounting. This concept separates the profits from trading activities from the gains arising from holding the assets. This concept considers the changes in the prices to a specific firm or industry instead of taking into account the entire economy. It seeks arriving at the profit which are distributable without having any adverse impact on the operational capacity of the entity (Zhang Andrew, 2014).Unlike historical cost accounting, current cost accounting considers valuing assets at the price which was required to be paid currently if the assets were to be purchased currently (BESSONG CHARLES, 2012). This concept of accounting relies mainly on the use of indices and also it is easier to be applied to the particular assets of the firm. This approach helps in providing the information in relation to companys capability to adapt itself in the present conditions. Unlike historical cost accounting, CoCoA assumes that the moneys purchasing power does not remains constant and keeps on changing. Under this accounting the assets and liabilities are measured at their existing cash price. This type of accounting does not use a particular cost to value assets rather it uses the value which is acceptable generally between the potential buyers and sellers of the assets. It may sometimes represent current cost or net realisable value or net present value depending upon the situations. Modified Historical Cost Accounting (MHCA): this concept is permitted by companies act. Under this method certain assets are incorporated in the financial statements at the revalued amount instead of recording them at their historical cost. The fair value accounting and current cost accounting has gained much of considerations and are both are being implemented most commonly by the entities to measure their assets and liabilities of the business. These approaches evaluates the current position of the business by valuing the important elements of it on the current values. Discussion on the Conceptual Framework of Accounting Conceptual framework of accounting has been introduced by the international board of accounting standards. It deals with the fundamental issues of financial reporting like necessary characteristics of financial information, objectives of financial statements, main aspects of financial assets and the concepts of identifying and measuring the basic elements of financial statements. The key building blocks of conceptual framework of accounting are given as follows: Financial Reporting Definition: This section of the framework draws the scope of financial reporting. It considers the activities that needs to be embraced in the financial reporting discipline. Reporting entity: This area is administered by SAC 1 and it is concerned with the determination of criteria to identify the reporting entities which are required to prepare financial reports. Objectives of financial reporting: This area of framework sets out the main objectives that the financial reporting must achieve. It defines the users of the financial reports and also the kind of information they need. This part is administered by SAC 2. Qualitative characteristics: This section is addressed by SAC 3 and deals with identifying and defining the qualitative characteristics of financial information which it should possess to achieve the purpose of financial reporting. Financial statement Elements Recognition of basis: This block of conceptual framework primarily deals with the basic aspects of financial statements such as equities, reserves, incomes and expenses, assets and liabilities. This part is also concerned with identifying defining and establishing the recognition criteria of the main elements to be included in the financial statements. This block is assessed by SAC 4. Perceived users of financial statements: The users are the ones who reads the financial reports of the reporting entity to make their decisions in relation to the matters in which they are associated with the company. They are mainly the shareholder and investors of the company. Measurement basis Measurement techniques: This block defines the techniques of measuring the basic elements of the financial statements. It also explores the alternative attributes of measurement such as historical cost, cash equivalents, current costs etc. Moreover, it sets out the basic measurement units of the elements. There are other building blocks like financial position, Performance, Change in financial position, compliances. There are various advantages for accounting that can be resulted from the development of the conceptual framework of accounting. The framework offers accounting standard board with the base for setting accounting standards and also the concepts to be used as tools to resolve the accounting and reporting related queries. It helps in guiding the standard setters in development of financial reporting norms and regulations (Weygandt, 2010).It also helps the readers of the financial information to understand the information and its limitations in the better way. It offers precise definitions of certain terms to be used in the accounting. Moreover, the auditors can use such framework to resolve the financial reporting issues. The conceptual framework of financial reporting has been severely criticized for not offering an adequate basis for setting accounting standard (Christensen, 2010). Its implementation is difficult to by the developing countries as it quite time consuming and is too expensive. At the same time this framework is highly criticized for its rigidity. Moreover, the framework only considers the qualitative characteristics of financial information. Due to all these inefficiencies the conceptual framework requires to be altered. The framework provided by FASB was also criticized for not requiring the entities to report the necessary and interpretable information to the users of financial statements (FASB, 2010). Further, the framework is also criticized for not providing conformity between the previously used accounting standards before the introduction of conceptual framework of accounting. Also, the critics of conceptual framework has also been arguing that the accounting standards are getting overly rules based which are leading to its inefficiencies ((Wells, 2011). No, it would not be appropriate for me to agree with the criticism as the critics are not considering the most critical viewpoint of the conceptual frameworks. The perspective of users of financial reports have been duly emphasised by the accounting framework. From the users point of view the conceptual framework is quite adequate as it considers the reliance of users i.e. existing and potential investors and other stakeholders of the company on its financial reports for the purpose of decision making. The characteristics of financial information that the existing conceptual framework provides takes into account the general attitude of the person while interpreting and understanding the financial reports. Therefore, the criticism made by several critics are not acceptable. References: Australian Government, (2001). Qualitative Characteristics of financial information: SAC 3, available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB112_07-04_COMPsep11_07-12.pdf (viewed on 9th October, 2017). BESSONG, P. K., CHARLES, E. (2012). Comparative Analysis of Fair Value and Historical Cost Accounting on Reported Profit: A Study of Selected Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria.Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,3(8), 132-149. Birt, J.L., Muthusamy, K. and Bir, P. (2017). XBRL and the Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information.Accounting Research Journal,30(1). Christensen, J. (2010). Conceptual frameworks of accounting from an information perspective.Accounting and Business Research,40(3), 287-299. Coetsee, D. (2010). The role of accounting theory in the development of accounting principles.Meditari: Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences,18(1), 1-16. Collier, P.M., 2015.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Conceptual frameworks of accounting from an information perspective.Accounting and Business Research,40(3), 287-299. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), (2010). Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting: Chapter 1, The Objective of General Purpose Financial Reporting, and Chapter 3, Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information. Statement of Financial Accounting Concept No. 8. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). (2010). Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting: Chapter 1, The Objective of General Purpose Financial Reporting, and Chapter 3, Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information. Statement of Financial Accounting Concept No. 8. Greenberg, M. D., Helland, E., Clancy, N., Dertouzos, J. N. (2013).Fair Value Accounting, Historical Cost Accounting, and Systemic Risk. Rand Corporation. IASB, C. F. (2010). The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, as in September 2010.International Accounting Standards Board, London, UK. Jones, D.A. and Smith, K.J. (2011). Comparing the value relevance, predictive value, and persistence of other comprehensive income and special items.The Accounting Review,86(6), pp.2047-2073. Kadous, K., Koonce, L., Thayer, J. M. (2012). Do financial statement users judge relevance based on properties of reliability?.The Accounting Review,87(4), 1335-1356. Kargin, S. (2013). The impact of IFRS on the value relevance of accounting information: Evidence from Turkish firms.International Journal of Economics and Finance,5(4), 71. Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., Curto, V. (2010). Financial literacy among the young.Journal of consumer affairs,44(2), 358-380. Nobes, C. W., Stadler, C. (2015). The qualitative characteristics of financial information, and managers accounting decisions: evidence from IFRS policy changes.Accounting and Business Research,45(5), 572-601. Wells, M. J. (2011). Framework-based approach to teaching principle-based accounting standards.Accounting Education,20(4), 303-316. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., KIESO, D., Elias, R. Z. (2010). Accounting principles.Issues in Accounting Education,25(1), 179-180. Zhang, Y., Andrew, J. (2014). Financialisation and the conceptual framework.Critical perspectives on accounting,25(1), 17-26.

Questions On The Enlightenment free essay sample

He was scientist and he had a lot of theories. 8. Rene Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician and was also as Isaac, working With theories. He was born 1596. 9. Deism is the belief that god took a step back after he created the world. He took a Step back not to intervene, compromised the people who claimed to be enlightened. 10. He was a philosopher and analyzed the origin of knowledge and the best ways of governing a society. He claimed that all knowledge comes from experience. 1 1. The most important idea of the enlightenment was the belief in human reason.It was argued that every human being was able to think for themselves. Newton and Locke became tremendously influential because of their view that reason and science could be used to established the both the laws of nature and the laws of science. 12. Many people considered that lower classes couldnt be a part of the enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on Questions On The Enlightenment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But at the bottom line everyone could be a part of the enlightenment. 13. They had coffeehouses and newspaper. The coffeehouses were an important meeting point for intellectual interchange. There were a lot of bookshops, libraries and book clubs. . Daniel Defoe wrote the novel Robinson Crusoe which made him world famous. Robinson was on his way from Brazil to Africa to trade slaves. His ship sinks on his journey and he was the only one who survived on a desert island. He lives alone in 28 years before he gets rescued. The last year on the island he saves a native called Friday from being eaten by cannibals. Friday becomes Robinsons loyal servant that last year. The story is completely in line with the enlightenment. 15. Jonathan Swifts most famous writings is Guilders travels and A modest reports.A modest proposal was written in the 1 800 century and it is about a satirical article written about how to solve the hunger problem in Ireland. Jonathan s solution is that the poor people could sell their children to the rich people to get a better economy. He meant that the children was delicacies for the humans. Many people in the world took this article very serious, but Jonathan thought that the article was ironically written. Guilders travels is about Gullible who is a doctor and captain, he travels to the countries Lilliputian,Branding, Lappet and the country of the Homonyms. Gullible is named as a giant. During the hard famine in Ireland he wanted people to take it very seriously. When he visit the countries he notices the big difference between the people. Discussions about politics and how people are reacting on things. When he is visiting the Homonyms he gets stuck and he finds out that the horses there are very smart and the people are used as wild cattles. One day Gullible are on his way home and meet his family, he realizes that he rather be hanging with the horses. 6. The satire is an expression you can use when you want to mock someone/something, in a nice way. Swift s satires were used for the Irish people. It should be taken with irony. 17. The Encyclopedia is a dictionary contained 28 books. It is a summary of the conception that described the world from a scientific perspective. Everything was were based science, reason and technique. 18. His most famous writing is Candied and it is about a young man who was raised by a baron. One day he was kicked out of the castle because he was kissing the baron s daughter.A philosopher, alas about the best of all possible worlds. Candied s point of view of the world does change and the society has a dark and negative view of the world. 19. He was a Swiss-French writer focused on political philosophy. He was critical and wanted people to go back to nature. He meant that the people with ownership has a source of evil. He wrote the novel Mile, or on Education and he wrote about how he thought that you should raise children. To let them make mistakes and learn from that. He meant that they should go out and explore the world from their own eyes.

Standard State Conditions of Temperature and Pressure

Standard State Conditions of Temperature and Pressure Values of thermodynamic quantities are commonly expressed for standard state conditions, so it is a good idea to understand what the standard state conditions are. A superscript circle is used to denote a thermodynamic quantity that is under standard state conditions: ΔH ΔH °ÃŽâ€S ΔS °ÃŽâ€G ΔG ° Standard State Conditions Certain assumptions apply to standard state conditions. Standard temperature and pressure commonly is abbreviated as STP. The standard state temperature is 25 °C (298 K). It is possible to calculate standard state values for other temperatures.All liquids are pure.The concentration of all solutions is 1 M (1 molar).All gases are pure.All gases are at 1 atm pressure.The energy of formation of an element in its normal state is defined as zero. Sources International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1982). Notation for states and processes, significance of the word standard in chemical thermodynamics, and remarks on commonly tabulated forms of thermodynamic functions. Pure Appl. Chem. 54 (6): 1239–50. doi:10.1351/pac198254061239UPAC–IUB–IUPAB Interunion Commission of Biothermodynamics (1976). Recommendations for measurement and presentation of biochemical equilibrium data. J. Biol. Chem. 251 (22): 6879–85.

How to Know When Its Time to Quit Your Job

How to Know When Its Time to Quit Your Job We’re all a little bit afraid of change. But we should be equally afraid of stagnating and losing sight of why we chose our career in the first place. Here are three signs it might be time for you to consider making a move out of your current position: You’ve Outgrown ItAdmitting this doesn’t make you too big for your britches; sometimes it’s the honest truth. You’ve learned a lot, but you find yourself wishing for more of a challenge. And you’ve run up against the highest rung of the ladder at your current organization. This might be a sign it’s time to put some feelers out- to see whether you might be able to find a position elsewhere that will let you keep growing and achieving more.You’ve Lost Your SparkleYou thought you were â€Å"doing what you love,† but you don’t love what you’re doing anymore. Maybe you even dread going to work. Live between vacations. Watch the clock. These are all good indications it’s time to get your passion and purpose back, and that might mean a new job.Work is†¦ WorkYou don’t get excited anymore about new projects. You’re anxious or tired or just plain grumpy when you’re at work. Maybe you have a lousy boss or a hostile coworker and it’s eating at you. Before work starts affecting your health- physical, mental, or both- figure out a way to make a change.It’s a hard step to take, but one that can be extremely rewarding- and much better than falling into an endless rut. Remember, work can be extremely satisfying when we’re doing something we believe in and that keeps us on our toes.

Which is bigger Feel the Fear or The Giant Essay

Which is bigger Feel the Fear or The Giant - Essay Example Findings also indicate that the maximum and minimum heights for the Giant coaster are 36.434 metres and -96.434 metres. The difference between maximum and minimum heights is 132.868 metres. The analysis indicates that the dimensions of the rectangular enclosure that will give maximum possible area are 51 metres by 51 metres. The maximum possible area of the enclosure will be 2601 square metres. The analysis also indicates that the dimensions of the snack box that would give the maximum volume are 6.67 cm x 13.33 cm x 26.67 cm. The maximum volume of the snack box will be 2370.37 cubic cm. A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and languages. It is a mathematical representation of the relationship between two or more variables relevant to a given situation or problem. Mathematical modelling is the process of developing a mathematical model. It provides a method for solving problems mathematically. It is used to describe a real - world event, to investigate important questions about the observed world, to explain real-world event, to test ideas and to make predictions about the real world (Berry & Houston, 1995). In this report, mathematical modelling will be used to investigate the difference between maximum and minimum heights for the Feel the Fear coaster and the Giant coaster using differentiation, and maxima and minima concepts. The differentiation, and maxima and minima concepts will be also used to find the length and width of a rectangular enclosure for a given fixed fencing of 100 metres so that the enclosed area is maximized. The differentiation, and maxima and minima concepts will be used to determine the dimensions of a snack box from a 40cm by 40cm cardboard that would give maximum possible volume In this report, I used differentiation, and maxima and minima concepts to find the answers. The maximum and minimum heights for the Feel the Fear coaster

Recruitment and Retention. What are the keys Dissertation

Recruitment and Retention. What are the keys - Dissertation Example Evidence from studies and research allude to several reasons why teachers get into, stay within or leave the teaching profession. Of course, the issue is one to be discussed and redressed. One thing worthy of note is that teaching is the leading recruiter in the UK. It is estimated that recruitment of graduates should not fall within a 12 per cent range every year if a steady increase of teachers is to be maintained. Smithers and Robinson1 believed that not just the target of employing teachers that matter, but how these targets are accomplished. They state that: â€Å"Teaching’s lack of success in tapping the widest pool of potential applicants may mean the profile of those accepted on training courses for the secondary age range does not adequately reflect the needs of schools in terms of gender, age, ethnic background and location.† Sometimes, teachers are recruited from migrant or immigrant workforce. This has sometimes been criticised on the basis that it has a neg ative impact on pupil’s academic accomplishments. For example, OFSTED stated that â€Å"Teachers recruited from overseas are often less effective because they lack familiarity with the National Curriculum†2. Hard-to-fill vacancies always require specialists for such positions. For example, it was reported that: â€Å"the quality of mathematics teaching at Key Stages 3 and 4 suffers in many schools because the limited amount of specialist teachers' expertise is deployed largely on post-16 courses. As a result, non-specialist teachers undertake a significant minority of the teaching at Key Stage 3, where they find it difficult to respond effectively to the demands of the Key Stage 3 Strategy high staff turnover and staff shortages are also having a negative impact on Key Stage 3 Strategy development work in science in a minority of secondary science departments. â€Å"3 Employers are seeking for better ways to recruit and retain labour. In most cases, they go in search of general characteristics, skills and qualifications. On the other hand, factors that will determine the retention of labour include the nature of work, characteristics of the employer, job satisfaction, recognition by employer, remunerations as well as similar employment benefits, balance between work and life, the prospect of further training, affiliation with employer and correlation with fellow workers. A former British premier stated that: â€Å"The best defence against social exclusion is having a job, and the best way to get a job is to have a good education, with the right training and experience†4. This is the more reason why problems plaguing the general labour market situation in the United Kingdom will be addressed. It is also imperative to take notice of the fact the recommendations are indispensable, if situation relating to the current recruitment and retention needs some utmost attention. CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...01 CONTENTS PAGE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...03 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...04 PROBLEM BACKGROUND†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...06 METHODOLOGY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Alzheimer s Disease Paper Essay Example for Free

Alzheimer s Disease Paper Essay Alzheimer’s is a disease that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It is a neurological disorder and a neurodegenerative type of dementia due to the disease getting progressively worse. From a study done in the Unites States in 2010, researchers came to an estimated 4.7 million people, who were 65 years or older, had Alzheimer’s disease. The a 2013 statistical report, by the Alzheimer’s Association, just over 1/10th of people 65 years or older have Alzheimer’s. When you are 85 years or older, the proportion jumps to about 1/3rd of people in the United States. The disease is caused by brain cell death. At first a few brain cells die, but over time it gets progressively worse and many brain cells die. Scientists believe that for most people, Alzheimers disease results from a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. It is said that less than 5 percent of the time, the disease is caused by specific genetic change in a person. We know that Alzheimer’s kill brain cells, but as more of the brain cells die, the disease will lead to significant shrinkage of the brain. When scientists examine an Alzheimer’s brain, inside they find two types of abnormalities. These are considered the hallmarks of the disease. They are called Plaques and Tangles. Plaques are found between dying cells in the brain. They are a buildup of protein called beta-amyloid. Tangles are found within the brain neurons. They are a breakdown of a different protein called tau. These proteins however cannot be seen or tested in a living brain and can only be tested when the brain is dead. Genetics are the only way you can get early-onset Alzheimer’s. Early-onset Alzheimer’s is typically seen between the ages of 30 and 60 and this is due to one of three genes that are inherited and not something caused by your environment. Early-onset is very uncommon and that is why it only accounts for 5% of Alzheimer’s cases. One ways to avoid getting Alzheimer’s, unless you inherit the gene, is to Eating healthier. This is because some factors that can increase the chances of getting Alzheimer’s are getting diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar. These factors not only increase your risk of getting Alzheimer’s but they also increase your risk of getting a stroke which can cause other types of dementia. They suggest using your brain as much as possible and not let your brain do nothing when you get older. Avoid getting any brain injuries, the best that you can. There are  three different stages of Alzheimer’s. The first stage is Preclinical which is before you are aware that you have the disease. The second stage is Mild cognitive impairment which is when you realize that you are having trouble remembering things. The last stage is Dementia which is where you are now have trouble remembering many things and will get worse and worse over time. Unfortunately there are no cures yet but there are treatments that can help with the process. Things such as medicine can help with your memory. Other things such as homes that will help you with coping with the disease. Overall there is not much that you can do to help with the disease. Work Cited: http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/alzheimers-disease-treatment-care http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159442.php

The Call Of Jack London Essay -- essays research papers

The Call Of Jack London   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During a time when man had gold fever, and philosophical views plagued the minds of many, one man took these views and turned them into great outdoor adventures. John â€Å"Jack† Griffith London, a twentieth century author, wrote The Call of the Wild, other novels, and short stories that depict the philosophical views of the time and added adventure to them by using his own life experiences that carried thousands of men including himself to the Klondike in search of gold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Winter 1876 San Francisco John and Flora London shared the joy of childbirth in the celebration of their only child together. They named the baby boy John Griffith London, or Jack for short. He became the twelfth child of his father, for through his first marriage he had eleven children. Jack London’s family was stricken by poverty. His father had many trades, however worked mainly in truck gardening(McCracken 370). After Jack’s graduation from grammar school, which he attended in Oakland, Jack read many novels, mainly ones about romance, travel, and adventure. He took many odd jobs to make ends meet(Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack had ambitions for a life at sea. At age fifteen Jack London bought a boat of his own, called Razzle Dazzle. He became an oyster pirate, sailing the San Francisco Bay robbing oyster beds and becoming a heavy drinker. Jack had many hard times. He spent some time as a hobo and spent some time in prison. At the age of nineteen he entered high school. Hard work enabled him the privilege of attending The University of California at Berkley. Less than a year passed and he gave up school to try and support his family and persue a writing career. He did not sell any of his work(Kunitz and Haycraft 844).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He joined the gold rush to the Klondike in the summer of 1897. The group stopped along the Yukon near about the Stewert River for winter. London became vary ill with Scurvy and was forced south for survival. Upon his re entry to San Francisco Jack learned of his fathers death. He could not find work of any kind, so once again he tried his hand at writing. His first writing, a story about life on the Yukon, was accepted by a magazine called Overlan... ...ty. This is illustrated in a quote from the book, â€Å"His cunning was wolf cunning...his intelligence, shepherd intelligence and St. Bernard intelligence.†(London) â€Å"London’s unusual subject allows him to see virtues in return to an aboriginal state that could not be found if humans were the subject.†(Magill 1148) He also uses the literary element of contrast to bring effect to his novel. For instance when â€Å"Buck is at his most savage he is also most completely fulfilling his potential utulizing his brain, muscles, and heart to the utmost.†(Magill 1148)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack London had a life full of ups and downs . He used ideas of philosophy that affected the world to inspire all of his writings as well as the ideas of his own experiences and of the great adventures celebrated in the age of time. He used ideas of Charles Darwin, racial hierarchy, and the American Credo of success to inspire his writings. Once he tried to make it to Alaska himself, so he was able to use some of what he experienced to add realistic adventure to his stories. All elements of his life and his era helped make him one of the greatest adventure writers of the generations.

Electronic media Essay

Man has a nature of curiosity. He always engages with doing something unique. In the past century they explored in many field. It was a time when a man could hardly think about the unbelievable development that is within reach now. Media is a mean of transmitting the message, thought, opinion and view point. In the beginning, man used horse and other animal to send the message to the receiver. It took time to deliver the message and the probability of spoiling the message was on the top. Now man has entered the age of science and technology. They have explored . They have got a tremendous achievement in many field as well as Electronic Media. We are living in the era of electronic media. None can avoid and escape from it. It is prevailing profound effects on advertisement, education, information, politics and other social activities. Electronic media has revolutionized the information system. Now everyone can be aware himself with current information and updates. So many TV channels in the country and internet websites justify the importance and advantages of electronic media where everyone has a freedom to exchange his view point freely. The electronic media has both effects, positive and negative. If it is playing a negative role, on the other hand it is educating, informing and entertaining the societies too. Today people are getting aware of their rights through the media. Many social programs on TV are presented to set the minds of the masses. Today’s youths try to find the answers to their questions and demand the authorities to account for because media has disclosed all that the new generation has to be aware of. As Pakistani media is pointing out crimes, ministers holding fake degrees, terrorism and inflation etc, it is appreciable because the responsible people can be brought to book in this way. Thus, the media, whatever– be print or the electronic media– its importance at least in the modern world cannot be denigrated. While we are sitting in our drawing rooms at home, we can get all the information of all happenings around the world. We get a sea of knowledge and all the information, relaxing at home. So much so good, but, what we notice today, with the freedom of the press taking new proportions, the media is becoming slightly out of control and also partial. The latest trend in the media is that it has become tainted with signs of extreme partiality. I personally feel that, the media is at times overstepping its limits and to some extent misusing its freedom. The job of the media is just to give information of what happens and not to add its own partial views to the information. The job of the media should remain restricted only to reporting facts as to when and how they occur, and leave the readers to form their own opinions. However, this is no truer of the modern trends of the media. They get news and paint them as per their own personal leanings and beliefs. This I’d say is not correct reporting as, it is likely to colour the views of the readers/ viewers. The task of the media is just to report and not colour the views of the people. It would be good if the media restricts itself only to passing On correct and exact information only, without any comments for or against any political party it would be doing its job correctly and sincerely.

No child left behind Essay

No Child Is Left Behind (NCLB) is a federal state act of 2001 which was proposed by the then president, George W. Bush immediately after being inaugurated in to the White House. This legal framework was aimed at ensuring that the primary and secondary education system was improved by advocating for increased accountability and transparency in its management. It further focused on the education system increased the flexibility on how parents can choose the learning institution their siblings will attend. This paper provides a broad overview of the act and it includes its history, scope, player involved challenges, among other issues. Brief discussion of the relevant history The law was authored by John Boehner and Judd Gregg, a representative and a senator respectively from the Republican Party and George miller and Edward Kennedy, a senator respectively from the Democratic Party. It was then signed by G. W. Bush. Beside aiming at improving the performance primary and secondary education and increasing accountability, improved the focus on reading and re-authored the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Act. The act was brought forward in the 107th congress whereby it was passed in the House of Representatives and US senate on 2001, May 23rd and 2004, June 14th respectively. It was later signed in to law on 2002, January 8th. Scope The act was brought to the lime light after realization the quality of the education being offered was directly affecting the students, parents and all the citizens at large. At the international level, since the world was becoming a global village as a result of globalization, the quality of education needed to improved since many of the Americans’ children had little hope in the future due to high levels of illiteracy and low self esteem (self doubt). The act was of paramount essence since the US, the world largest economy needed to produce intellectuals that would transform America and the globe at large. Context (historical, political, economic, social) At the time George W. Bush introduced this blueprint, he noted that though the American was entering the 21st century with a lot of promise and hope, many of the children who were in need of education support and aid were being ignored and thereby left around. 70% of the fourth graders residing in the inner city could not read or even pass the national reading trial which involved the elementary level of education. The senior high school student in other parts of the world, South Africa and Cyprus to be specific perform very poorly on the international mathematics test. Almost a 1/3 of the college freshmen of American origin take compulsory remedial courses prior to initiating the regular college level courses It is the responsibility of the parents, state and all the citizens to ensure that quality education is guaranteed for all the American children in order to have a bright future. This has not been the case and the United Sates Federal Government is to be blamed for condoning the poor results and failing to address the failure in the education system. The federal government has controlled the Americans, schools since through education policies since 1965 when the first major initiative on the elementary –secondary was undertaken. Since then the federal government has established so many programs/ projects geared towards facilitation of quality education. A major drawback for these programs is that the results have not been analyzed to evaluate whether the programs achieve their objectives or not. Another factor for the failure of the programs is that they are formulated by the congress and the locals are not consulted, as a result, local population education needs are not addressed. There have been programs that are formulated for every single education program and this had led to a pile of programs across the federal states. These programs costed the federal government hundred billions each year but quality of education on the other hand has been falling since the objectives are not being realized. This has resulted to a wide and an increasing gap between the rich and the poor in America. Faced with this dilemma, some citizens have proposed that the federal government should not be involved the education sector. Another proportion of the population suggests that the new programs should be added to the old education system. , the federal government was therefore required to come up with effective programs and projects which would restore confidence in to the American education system. After a braining search of the best option, the federal government came up with the No Child is Left Behind policy which would transform the American education system. During the signing of the bill, the then US president, George W. Bush said; We’ve got large challenges here in America. There’s no greater challenge than to make sure that every child — and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children, every single child, regardless of where they live, how they’re raised, the income level of their family, every child receive a first-class education in America. Individuals/agencies involved including a discussion of the major decision makers The No Child is Left Behind policy would involve a number of parties in order to transform the American education system, these entities include; o The teachers o The parents o The local citizens o The federal government The teachers will be involved in ensuring the No Child is Left Behind policy work. They will be trained to improve their quality. The schools that will perform well will be rewarded while those not achieving the expected results will be sanctioned. The federal government is expected to fund the training of school teachers and improve the schools in general. The parents are required to monitor the performance of their children and at the same time access more information concerning the performance of his/her child from the school administration. Additional funds will be provided to the state and district schools by so that they can become more flexible. The local society is required to ensure that it provide a conducive learning environment so that the students can utilize their potential to the best of their capability (Hammond 2007). Major stakeholders involved (who the policy/issue affects, who has an interest in the policy) Among the major stakeholders who will be involved and will be affected by the NCLB will include the students, the teachers, parent, the local authorities and the federal government. The teachers will be required to play a crucial role in ensuring that the gap between the poor and rich is closed by ensuring that they maintain high standards and accountability, offering annual academic assessment to children which will then be evaluated by the parents. The teachers are further required to give reading a priority. The parents are expected to work closely with the teachers so that they can assist in progress of the children education. The parents’ flexibility and option for schools will also increase. The local authorities are expected to guarantee the teacher protection, promote school safety, rescue the schools from the schools that are not safe and advocate for character education. o The federal government is expected to provide funds and reward to the well performing schools and states in terms of accountability and transparency. The government will also give the teachers some initiatives like tax deduction in order to promote their performance. The role public administrators play in the policy/issue The public administers are expected to ensure that the funds provided by the federal government are utilized in the most efficient was possible while at the same time making certain that they reach the targeted entities. The public administrators are further expected to evaluate the performance of the school. They should also give feedback to the federal government on matter concerning the effectiveness of the No Child is Left Behind policy in meeting the academic needs of the American people (Samier, et, al, 2008). Policy alternatives and solutions Currently this is the best education program that has been formulated in the US. Proper implementation of the program will ensure that it becomes perfect since it will be evaluated from time to time. Corrective measure will be put in place to ensure that the expected results are achieved. Challenges facing policy implementation and solution The policy is faced with a number of challenges prior to its implementation. One of major critic is on the use of standards to gauge the performance of the states and schools. The schools or each state can lower their standards so that they cam purport to have improved in their performance. This is because each state has the capacity to set its own standards. This means that the incentives and penalties (sanctions) provided by the government would end up on the hand of wrong persons. This problem therefore calls for standardization of the examination if at all there is an expectation of correct unbiased results (Uzzell (2005). The use of standardized within states reduced the quality of education since the teachers â€Å"teach the test† to ensure that the students performs well in the schools. They, teachers, only teach the areas that are expected to be tested in the final standard exams. The standardized tests are also against Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. The tests have also been condemned of promoting cultural bias since different culture value certain skills than others. To avoid this kind of bias, the policy of standardized test should be re-evaluated in depth and a sustainable standard established (Abernathy 2007). The issue of offering incentives to the schools performing poorly enables the schools to continue performing poorly. The schools that are rewarded after performing well in the standards test is likely to push out the poorly performing students so that hey can maintain the standards. In order to ensure that the poorly performing schools improve they should be offered with technical expertise and not financial resources. The top performing schools on the other hand should be closely monitored to ensure that the poor students are not expelled on academic grounds. The No Child is Left Behind policy focuses manly on the core subjects, that is English and Mathematics, this has made the student to improve in these two subjects while the other broader education is lost. This therefore requires the NCLB policy to be considerate of other skills and subjects to ensure that education meets its purpose (Menken 2008). Importance of the No Child is Left Behind policy Its enables the children to understand the policies that have been implemented in the efforts to improve the quality of education in order to face the global challenges in bold. Precisely, the understanding of this policy enables a person to understand the existing education policy’s roots, challenges and its core values. This policy is also an indication of the federal government interest in leading the global by providing its citizens with quality education which will ensure that the illiteracy level decreases significantly. The policy also explains in details the expected level of participation by all the parties involved in ensuring that it is a success. The policy also explains the importance of the accountability and transparency for any program or policy to succeed (Peterson, et, al, 2003). Overview of the important values Irrespective of the stake holders involved in implementing this policy, is of great significance to evaluate the important values of the No Child is Left Behind policy. This policy is expected to; o Result to grades for tests o General improvement of all the standards o Increased accountability of all resources in the schools o Creating opportunity for the minority groups o General improvement of the quality of education o Offering the parent the option to select school for children o Guarantying of the federal funding Conclusion Though the change is well formulated, it needs to be cleansed off some of the issues that are raising eyebrows. It needs to be refined to address all the children depending on their needs. The policy provides clearly detailed guidelines which will ensure that the quality of the education system in America greatly improves to solve the ever increasing global challenges. While comparing the old and the new education programs, this new NCLB is likely to have better results since it focus on all the children with emphasis on the children from the minority groups. The local population, citizens and the federal government should ensure that the proper implementation and evaluation is carried out to make certain that the best results are achieved. As time passes by, a research should be carried out to find out area or clauses that need to be changed for upgrading of the programs. References Abernathy Scott Franklin (2007) No Child Left Behind and the Public Schools, Michigan, University of Michigan Press, (pp 130-149). Hammond Linda D. (2007) Evaluating ‘No Child Left Behind’ retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. thenation.com/doc/20070521/darling-hammond Menken Kate (2008) English Learners Left Behind: Standardized Testing as Language Policy, NY, Multilingual Matters Press (pp 118-140) Samier Eugenie Angele, Stanley Adam (2008) Political Approaches to Educational Administration and Leadership, NY, Routledge, (pp 139-154) Peterson Paul E. , West Martin R. (2003) No Child Left Behind? The Politics and Practice of School Accountability, Brookings, Brookings Institution Press, (pp13-14) Smith Marilyn Cochran (2004) Walking the Road: Race, Diversity, and Social Justice in Teacher Teachers College Press (p 157) The white house, Foreword by President George W. Bush, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/reports/no-child-left-behind. html The White House, President Signs Landmark No Child Left Behind Education Bill, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020108-1. html Uzzell Lawrence A. (2005) No Child Left Behind: The Dangers of Centralized Education Policy, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=3769

Compare Contrast essays

Compare Contrast essays Comparison Between Novel and Film Version of "Lord of the Flies" Many novels are so successful that producers can't wait to adapt the story into a film. The majority of times, however, the original novel is much stronger than the movie because it is able to capture the emotions of each character, all the symbols and meaningful events. Due to the novel's flexibility, readers are able to extend the use of their imagination. Similarly, this was the case with William Golding's masterpiece, "The Lord of the Flies." Overall, the novel is far superior to the film because it has thorough descriptions of a character's feelings and depictions of symbolic meaning concerning the objects and important happenings. First of all, the movie version of the classic, "The Lord of the Flies," seems to be lacking in detail involving the characters. Mainly due to the limited length of the movie, a character's role and his feeling are non existent. In the novel, readers can clearly notice how Piggy feels and that he is being treated as an "Outsider" but, in the film version it restricts the audience's comprehension of Piggy's emotions. Similarly, other characters such as Simon and Roger are so unclear in the movie that they may puzzle viewers because the movie fails to distinguish their role. The cinema is unsuccessful in establishing Simon as a "Christ" figure and Roger's murderous nature. On the other hand, the novel installs all these ideas and allows the reader to use their creativity. Therefore, due to the film's inability to give audiences more information about the characters, their role and their emotions, the novel is much more informative. Secondly, the novel is capable of giving readers more insight into the story with the use of symbols and hidden meanings. The novel is able to do this because it depicts important underlying messages and critical incidents. For instance, Piggy's glasses represent civilization, reality and reason but once ...

Rising Action in Literature Keeps Readers Engaged

Rising Action in Literature Keeps Readers Engaged Have you ever kept reading well into the night because you just couldnt put a book down? The rising action of a plot refers to the events that provoke conflict, build tension, and generate interest. It adds that edge-of-your-seat element that motivates you to keep reading until you reach the story climax. Rising Action in Action You can find rising action in many stories, from a complex novel to a simple childrens book. For example, the rising action in The Three Little Pigs takes place as the pigs set out and begin to make their own decisions. You can surmise that two of the pigs are asking for trouble when they choose flimsy materials to build their houses. Little suspicions such as these (along with the wolf lurking in the background)  build suspense: with each page, readers come to understand that these characters are headed for disaster. Things get more and more exciting and tense each time the wolf blows down a house. The action builds to the ultimate showdown between pig  and wolf. In literature, the rising action encompasses the decisions, background circumstances, and character flaws that lead a story from the opening exposition through the drama and run-up to the climax. The primary conflict  can be an external one, such as a clash between two men trying to exert their dominance at work, or it can be internal, as in the case of a college student who realizes she wants to leave school but cringes at the thought of telling her parents. Rising Action in Black and White As you read a novel, pay attention to clues that predict trouble down the road. It could be anything from  the appearance of  a character who  seems shady and untrustworthy, to the description of a clear morning marred by one dark cloud on the horizon.  You can practice identifying rising action by considering how the tension builds in the following tales: Little Red Riding HoodWhat is the first sign of trouble? Were you a bit unnerved when you learned that this innocent child would walk through the dangerous forest alone?Snow WhiteIn the original version, this story contains the ultimate evil character: the wicked stepmother. Her presence signals trouble to come. And that magic mirror adds another layer of intrigue to the story.CinderellaCinderella also  finds herself tormented by an evil stepmother. Her first meeting  with the prince foreshadows the complications to come, while the clock ticking closer to midnight on the night of the ball creates real tension.Hansel and GretelWhats with all the evil stepmothers? And who doesnt suspect that a confectionery cottage is too good to be true? It can be easy to see the suspense building in the short stories from childhood. But if you consider how subtle clues informed and cautioned you, you can find the same types of signs in more sophisticated books. Think about the suspenseful moments that build in each story to get a better sense of the development of rising action in the novels you read.

Education, Globalization, And Social Change Essay - 1

Education, Globalization, And Social Change - Essay Example Equity and excellence are coincident and should be part of one educational agenda rather than being considered to be of different pursuits (Assessment Reform Group, 2006). Another factor that shapes educational assessment is increased public demand for accountability, which should be observed every day in multiple forms especially, in the media, public and political discussions about the need to improve the educational system (Assessment Reform Group, 2006). The focus on the value-added approaches to the evaluation of programs, schools, and quality of teachers is inclusive in the assessment on the community as an obvious manifestation of demand for accountability. In essence, the use of value-added approach as a way to access how systems are doing and holding entities accountable has become subject to discussion among people, politicians and education professionals (Atkinson and Claxton 2000). This ensures that almost all states have compulsory achievement tests, which are placed at multiple grade levels in the post of the subjects and are required to have such tests under current legislation with regard to the state in, which the education system is b eing practiced (Barnes 2010). In the United Kingdom, for instance, the incidence of children with autism has significantly increased over the past decade and recent prevalence has estimated that approximately one percent of the population is affected, with various reports indicating the estimation of an increase of the autism in different parts of the United Kingdom(Atkinson and Claxton 2000). However, autism is no longer viewed as a rare disorder but has made bigger the needs of education to the children and young people in reference to their areas.

Make up a title Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Make up a title - Essay Example By the wars end, Mexico lost almost half of its territory, the current American Southwest from Texas to California, and the United States emerged as a continental power. Austin was anxious to justify the contract, and bring a good number of families. As many unmarried persons, as well as young men, came to the colony. Austin also suggested the primary concern of them being in pairs, making an individual the head of a particular family.Thus, the two would obtain a family head right, and the family members will increase. The arrangement leads a fortunate result to all concerned. Early 1823, Austin returned to his colony. Then Austin stopped to ascertain the powers held by general captain of the northeastern internal provinces. In addition, to have it defined and structured in the form of Spanish, and Austin was declared to have full administrative powers to administer justice in the colony. Austin made defensive war against the Indians and commanded the militia with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Moreover, Austin was clothed with executive, legislative and judicial powers. In addition, Austin was required to give a report to the states governor, and responsible to the captain-general of the

Argumentative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argumentative - Essay Example Biblical Christianity, on the other hand, is a worldview that attributes our ethics and morals to a universal standard of right and wrong that is not subject to change over time (Beach 54). In this way, these two opposing worldviews have two opposing positions on the nature of ethics and morality. One holds that morality is relative – the other holds that morality is not relative. They could not be in greater opposition. We can see the ways in which this worldviews and their ideas about ethics/morality shape the culture we live by looking at our past and comparing it with our present. Once this is done, it will be seen that our culture must return to religion if we are to maintain the happy and healthy lifestyle we claim to desire. Our culture, if you think about it, has been digressing for quite some time, and recently the problem has become more serious from an ethical standpoint. God is being removed from nearly every aspect of life and being replaced with other belief systems, such as humanism or naturalism. The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence were written by men who believed in God, men who thought prayer was important, that life was sacred, and that many of our current-day controversial practices, such as homosexuality and abortion, were biblically and morally reprehensible. The reality that a few of our Founding Fathers were deists, rather than theists, does not change the fact that these documents were written by and for a generally theistic people. According to John Adams, "Our Constitution was made for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other" (Beach 59).   Today, however, popular culture has forgotten that our nation was founded, in larg e part, on Christian principles, and that the Constitution was written for a "moral and religious people." We are, of

Organizational Structure of AirAsia

Organizational Structure of AirAsia 1.0 Introduction Nowadays, the use of information technology plays a vital role for businesses to compete and succeed. According to Laudon and Laudon (2010), almost the all firms and organizations use information technology to survive; they invest in information technology and systems because these investments will return a lot of advantages, such as; an increase in productivity, a decrease in costs and an increase in revenue. Information systems provide information for managers which help them to make better decisions and improve operations. This assignment will look at the largest low cost carriers in Asia Pacific region AirAsia Berhad, which is known as AirAsia. In this work we will analyse how organization has successfully used information technology and systems to improve their business. In addition, this paper will look to IT strategies of Air Asia and to some businesses processes within organization where information systems were successfully implemented. Organization background If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday. (Pearl Buck) Generally, without past, there is no future and everything in our life has his history. Thus, it is brief Air Asias background: First of all, AirAsia was founded in 1993 by Malaysian government as a second airliner to the major national air company MAS (Malaysian Airlines) and AirAsia started operating after three years on 18th November 1996.During the following 5 years, AirAsia failed every year to bring profit, as a result; AirAsia had a great debt of about USD $ 37 million in 2001. However, this time is the time when the real story of the largest low-cost airlines began. In 2001, Dato Sri Dr Tony Fernandes with partners Dato Pahamin Rejab (former chairman of Air Asia), Dato Kamarudin Meranun, and Dato Aziz Bakar purchased the AirAsia from Malaysian owner HICOM Holdings Berhad (now known as DRB-HICOM Berhad), for a symbolic price RM1 (USD 0.25 cents), and agreed to close the debts of the company. (AirAsia Annual Report, 2008, p.3) They started with an innovative goal to make air travel cheaper and more affordable to people that Now Everyone Can Fly. AirAsia was re-branded and re-launched and started new life with two Boeing B737 planes, approximately 250 staffs and had only five destinations to Kota Bahru, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Labuan, Langkawi and Penang. According to AirAsia website, today after 10 years Air Asia has around 100 air planes and flies to more than 60 destinations from 23 countries. Additionally, Air Asia operates more than 3,500 flights a week and has around 8,000 staffs. In 2009 AirAsia ferried more than 22 million passengers and AirAsia is ASEAN (Association of South Asia Nations) carrier. (AirAsia Annual Report, 2009, p.4) It can be clearly seen that AirAsia has made a tremendous success in airline industry and it is interesting to know what and how managers of AirAsia use to achieve this fantastic outcome. It will be described later in following chapters. Organization Vision and Mission. Nowadays every organization has mission and vision statements, which show what organization is (mission) and a view of what organization wants to be (vision). (Harrison and John, 2009) In addition, the mission statement of the organization must be broad because it is an umbrella which encompasses organizations programs and services. (Angelica, 2001) 1). AirAsias Vision: Continue to be the lowest cost airline in every market we serve. 2). AirAsias Mission: To be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family Create a globally recognized ASEAN brand To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia Maintain the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce cost and enhance service level (AirAsia website) Business Strategies and Success factors. Without a strategy the organization is like a ship without rudder, going around in circles. (Joel Ross and Michael Kami) Air Asia Success factors. AirAsia has achieved a tremendous success since its renovation. Because of some success factors AirAsia gets some competitive advantages in airline competition. By using it AirAsia is the best lowest cost airline company in South Asia. The key point of Airasias success factors is to deliver low fares is to consistently keep costs low. Providing low costs needs the high efficiency in every part of the business. Thus, every part of organization, every system process, everything must incorporate best industry practices. AirAsiaa success factors can be analyzed in the core values of the organization. AirAsia gets competitive advantages and makes their business successful by using these key strategies: Safety First Safety is the most vital criteria in every part of the organization operations; safety is the area where AirAsia will never compromise on. All conditions, which determine by regulators in the countries where AirAsia operates, are complied by the largest low fare airline. Furthermore, partnering with the worlds most renowned maintenance providers to be ensured that AirAsias airplanes always in the best condition. High Aircraft Utilisation The AirAsia airplane captains ability, to make a fast turnaround of 25 minutes which is the fastest in the region, is more convenient for customers to travel. It has resulted in high aircraft utilisation, better airline and staff productivity and lower costs. Low Fare, No Frills Providing to guests to have the choice of buying exclusively prepared meals, snacks and drinks from in-flight service at an affordable price. Streamlined Operations The important key of the AirAsias success is to make processes are simple as possible. Leans Distribution System Offering a wide and innovative range of distribution channels to make booking and travelling easier. Point to Point Network Applying the point-to-point network keeps operation simple and lower costs. Most of the AirAsias flights are short haul (four-hour flight radius or less) which helps to keep lower costs. Company Business Strategy. The Business Strategy of AirAsia is To continue to be the lowest cost short-haul airline in every market it serves, delivering strong organic growth through offering the lowest airfares at a uprofit. This strategy focusing in six main strategic thrusts: Leanest Cost Structure Efficient and simple point to point operationsÂÂ   Attracting and retaining hardworking and smart peopleÂÂ   Passion for continuous cost reduction Maximise Shareholders Value Resilient profit growth through our lower cost baseÂÂ   Expansion of the AirAsia network in a prudent and disciplined mannerÂÂ   Invest and enhance the AirAsia brand to increase investors returns Safety Comply with the highest International Aviation Safety Standards and practices Keep operations simple and transparentÂÂ   Ensure the security of our People and Guests ÂÂ   Passion for Guests Satisfaction Maintain simplicity in every applicationÂÂ   Practice the unique and friendly AirAsia experience at every opportunityÂÂ   Recognize the linkage between guests satisfaction and long-term success ÂÂ   Transparency Transparency in decision-making and information sharingÂÂ   Optimum disclosure higher than industry normsÂÂ   Timeliness in disclosing information ÂÂ   Human Capital Development Invest in both hard and soft skillsÂÂ   Recognize all our People as contributors to our successÂÂ   Reward excellence and individual contributions Maintaining one brand across the Group Analysis of the current Business Environment. Industry Analysis Porters Five Forces Model. 1. Bargaining Power of Supplier First of all, it can be clearly seen that the main AirAsias supplier is the airplane suppliers. Generally the power of airplane suppliers is very strong because of monopolisation in airplane manufacturers; there are only two types of airplanes Boeing and Airbus. The switching cost for airplane suppliers is very high due to expensive needs to change airplanes, for example: it will be very costly for AirAsia to change airplanes and train employees to be used of new airplanes. To be honest, nowadays, only several airline manufactures exist in airline industry, thus the power of airplane suppliers is very fantastic. If we look to other suppliers, such as, fuel, food and other suppliers, it is clear that their power is not so strong because AirAsia can change them and it will not affect to costs. The increase in price can be risky for these suppliers because AirAsia can quit working with them. 2. Bargaining Power of Buyer Generally, the power of customers is always high because there is no any switching cost for customers to change from one airline company to another, however; in this case, it can be thought that the output of AirAsia is very unique and fantastic in South Asia region. In addition, there will be switching cost for customers who want to change AirAsia to another airline company, as a result; the bargaining power of buyers is low. 3. Threat from Substitutes In South Asia region there are several possible substitutes for airline industry, such as; trains, buses, cars or ships. However, the prices for other substitutes are more expensive or at the same level, comfort, time spending and other factors during the travelling are more worse than in irline travelling. Nowadays, air travelling is faster, cheaper and more comfortable, as a result; threat of substitutes is respectively low. 4. Threat from New Entrants Airline industry is very expensive for new organizations to entrance into this industry. New organizations must have a big capital, strong support from government and must correspond for some requirements for airline organizations. There are difficult barriers for new organizations, for instance; cost advantages of existing airline organizations, brand loyalty of customers, high switching costs for customers and government restrictions. Therefore, the threat from new entrants is low. 5. Rivalry Intensity In general, the competition between airline organizations in Malaysia is not very strong. There is only one competitor for AirAsia in Malaysian airline industry is Malaysian Airlines (MAS) which can be considered as a friendly rival. Thus, the intensity of rival is low in Malaysian airline industry. 3.3 AirAsia Competitive Advantage. The strategic positioning has several ways in which the company can achieve competitive advantage. For instance, offering similar benefits for a lower cost to customers or retain cost but offer greater benefits for customers. In the case of Maybank, the strategy used by the company is to preserve the value of banking products and services, while offering great benefits and value, as well as the good quality of their products and services. Focusing on the variety and quality of their products and services, Maybank exercise their competitive advantage. In particular, through its subsidiaries Maybank provides a wide and diverse range of products and services. That allows its customers to use multiple services in one banking group. By entrusting their money to the time-tested bank, whether it be insurance, private banking or assets management. All this, along with high quality services and highly professional staff of the bank create convenience for customers, thereby increasing competitive advantage. One of the important factors in achieving competitive advantage of Maybank is to improve the quality and speed of services through the introduction of information technology. Maybank since its inception is looking for ways to make life easier for its customers, through improving the quality of its services. Information technologies have played an important role in this. Maybank always has been the first to introduce new technologies, thus providing greater benefits and opportunities for its customers. 4.0 Analysis of the Current IS/IT Strategy Environment and IT solutions of Maybank. Yield Management System (YMS) It is also known as Revenue Management System; it understands, anticipates and reacts to the behavior of customer to maximize revenue for the organization. This takes into account the operating costs and aids AirAsia to optimize prices and allocate capacity to maximize expected revenues. The optimization is done on two levels in AirAsia: Seat (Every seat is considered an opportunity to maximize revenue. Seats are available at various prices in different points of time. A reservation done at a later date will be charged more than the one done earlier for the same seat) Route (By adjusting prices for routes/destinations that have a higher demand when compared to others). The effective method however is to combine these two levels for all flights, all routes so that both the seat and the route are effectively priced for all the flights. AirAsia has realized increased revenue (3-4%) for the same number of aircrafts by taking advantage of the forecast of the high/low demand patterns, effectively shifting the demand from low period to high period and by charging a premium for late bookings. Over the past couple of years, AirAsia have actually lowered prices (essential for LCC) as the YMS has given them the window to increase their revenue by offering higher discounts, more frequently during off-peak times while raising prices only marginally for peak times. (Voneche, n.d). Computer Reservation System (CRS) AirAsias CRS (Open Skies by Navitaire) has helped it to grow at a dramatic pace in the past couple of years Navitaires Open Skies technology has truly enabled Airasias growth from 2 million passengers to 7.7 million passengers in less than two years. Open Skies scaled easily to accommodate our growth. Tony Fernandes CEO AirAsia Source: Navitaire (http://www.navitaire.com/res_and_dist/openskies.asp) It is an integrated web-based reservation and inventory system. It includes Internet, call center, airport departure control and more. It is a direct sales engine that effectively eliminates the middleman (travel agents) and the sales commissions that need to be paid to them. Centralized customer data is also maintained by Open Skies and this helps AirAsia to track booking and schedule flight activities with real-time, on-demand reporting feature. The vast booking information that is provided online to the customers acts as a force that brings more customers to use the website thus reducing the customer support costs. An important feature is that Open Skies seamlessly integrates with the already implemented YMS so that the systems can be used in unison for pricing and revenue maximization (by providing information on bookings, schedules etc) and driving down the costs of operation at the same time. This CRS enabled AirAsia to introduce the first ticket less travel option and also pro vides features such as advanced boarding passes in addition to online booking that enabled the growth of AirAsia as these features attracted customers that did not have the time for purchasing tickets from counters and coming in 1 hour early for securing a seat on the aircraft. AirAsia have proposed to implement a Wireless Delivery System (WDS) to expand its reach via mobile phones. With this, potential customers will be able to book tickets via their mobile phones. This is a strategic move for growth as the Asia-Pacific region has a larger population of mobile phone users rather than internet users. Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) AirAsia has recently (May 2005) opted for a full fledged ERP system implemented by Avanade consultants. By implementing this package AirAsia is looking to successfully maintain process integrity, reduce financial month-end closing processing times, and speed up reporting and data retrieval processes. (Microsoft Malaysia) 4.1 IT and IS deployed by Maybank. It can be said that Maybank has been always be on the way to improve quality of their products and services, thereby satisfy all the needs of their customers. In other words Maybank has been always innovated its products and services by implementation of IT. If to look back to the past we can see that Maybank was the leader to introduce new technologies to the market. For instance, Maybank was the first to embark on a computerisation programme, First to implement the use of ATMs and establish a shared ATM network with its subsidiaries, First to introduce Phone banking and First to introduce Internet Banking. In 1981, Maybank was first Malaysian bank to set up Automated Teller Machine (ATM) services.(annual report, 2009). Since that time Maybank increased the number of ATMs, with each year. ATMs give a lot of opportunities and benefits to the customers of the bank. Such as, access to own account 24 hours/7 days a week, fast cash withdrawal, cheque book and statement request, fund transfer between own accounts and funds transfer to third party accounts. Furthermore, Maybank was first domestic bank to implement MAS electronic Ticketing at their ATMs, this enable Maybank customers ticketless air travel in Malaysia on Malaysia Airlines. Later, due to its expansion to the South Asia markets Maybank launch the Maybank RegionLink Service. RegionLink Service allows Maybank customers in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Philippines to access ATM transactions at any Maybank ATM in these four countries. To effectively usage and managing its ATM network as well as to enable their customers to have a be tter service, Maybank uses automated teller machine management software from Diebold Inc. Without a doubt, the Internet is one of the most important technological advances of recent years. The rapid development of information technologies have created vast opportunities for companies to reduce operating costs, increase speed and quality of their services, as well as the creation of additional benefits for their customers. Because of this and to create competitive advantage Maybank launch its Internet Banking. Basically, Maybank launch Internet Banking through its online financial portal maybank2u.com in 2000. This portal bring the convenience of online banking for its customers, who can open an account, check balances, transfer funds, settle bills and shop online via this site, which employs 128-bit SSL security technology. Later in 2001, Maybank launch its E-bills service, which can be used only by their customers. At that time there were 325 business organisations that were able to accept payment through internet banking. Conducting funds transactions over the internet has been convenient and quick. This allowed the company to reach RM 500 million monthly total average transaction. In 2003, Maybank launched Internet Banking Kiosks. It enable their customers to undertake internet banking transactions in provided terminals at its branches. To maintain its leadership position in internet banking services, in 2006, Maybank launch Mobile Banking services in collaboration with Celcom and Maxis. It was the first mobile banking in Malaysia . It allowed Maybank customers to access to the three most popular applications of Maybank2u.com: bill payment balance enquiry and fund transfers. From that time, Maybank customers have the convenience of undertaking selected banking transactions in real time via the mobile phone. In order to improve its efficiency and service MayBank concluded a series of deals with companies such as CSC and Microsoft.The main objective of IT infrastructure outsourcing agreement with CSC was to improve their IT services to position it for global economic growth and, in the case of major disasters, to reduce its recovery time from three days to less than eight hours. The data center was moved from Maybanks headquarter to a secure and modern CSC facility. In addition, CSC set up separate data center for disaster recovery that fully duplicates all of the banks critical data across all platforms. CSC also provide simultaneous connection between bank branches, the main data center and disaster recovery center. This deal allowed the company to reduce response time, to increase productivity and transactional speed. An Enterprise Subscription Agreement with Microsoft Malaysia to adopt a common software toolset for Maybanks desktop applications has given Maybank the ability to promote greater communication among employees and customers and to enhance cost efficiency. One of the results of this agreement was increasing efficiency and productivity of the employees. 4.2 Impact on the usage of IS/IT by Maybank. In general, the use of information technology has a significant impact on the work of the enterprise. Effect of IT can be both at the organization, its efficiency, as well as to clients and their relationship to the company. In the case of Maybank, IT was one of the essential factors of growth and continued leadership of the bank. Maybank always has been a pioneer in the introduction of the use of IT, which allowed the company to achieve certain benefits. These benefits include competitive advantage, achieving the goal of the company, better service for customers and increase profits and market share. Maybank was able to improve their service through the use of information technology and information systems. Provision of banking and financial services through a network of ATMs and internet banking has allowed its customers to access their accounts anytime and anywhere in the world. Also, the IT/IS have an impact on the reduction of transaction costs and the time spending on transaction, that is convenient for customers. Customer relationship management system has been significantly influenced by information technologies. Increasing the ways of interaction between the company and customers, has given Maybank opportunity to increase and improve understanding of the needs and desires of customers. All this resulted in improved service and customer satisfaction, as well as the obvious convenience for customers of Maybank. Paying great attention to the use and implementation of IT, Maybank thus creating conditions for improving efficiency and productivity of their employees, as well as facilitating a repository of knowledge and being able to share this knowledge across the organization. In Maybank firmly believe that effective knowledge sharing is a source of competitive advantage. Also providing new products and services Maybank has a competitive advantage. At the same time, it is a temporary competitive advantage, because competitors can later enter the market with similar products and services. Therefore Maybank is always on the way to improve its service. On the other hand, Maybank as a pioneer in the introduction of the usage of IT has the first-mover advantage. This has a significant impact on enlarging market share. Also, the IT/IS has an impact on the reduction of transaction costs and human capital costs. All this has allowed Maybank to increase profits and market share. Increased profits and market share, competitive advantage and better service has given Maybank an opportunity to achieve its goal. Namely to become a leading banking group in Malaysia, and set the following goal to become a leading regional banking group by 2015. 5.0 Conclusion Technical progress is coming more quickly than ever before, thus, affecting all aspects of a typical company. Today, it is vital to the company to use information technology in order to work. It is become crucial factor for the Maybank to employ IT/IS in order to compete in digital world, where almost everyone use IT. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that the most important factor still is the people and companies such as Maybank also need to invest their money in staff training, in order to be competitive enough or even to create competitive advantage. Because it is the people who create it.

Should The Internet Be Trusted? :: Website Internet Essays

Should The Internet Be Trusted? The Internet has become more and more of a favorite place for students to go when searching for sources to use in research papers. This is mostly because of the wide and relatively simple access that the Internet provides to all kinds of information. Why get up and travel all the way to the library when it is so much easier to open a browser window and head to Google? While the Internet can be a wonderful source, and is definitely a fairly new, unique, and versatile way of sharing information, not everything one finds on the free area of the Internet can be trusted. Literally anyone with an Internet connection can put up a webpage in a matter of minutes that would be capable of fooling the unwary Internet surfer. It is crucial when looking for valid sources on the free Internet to look carefully for the purpose of the page, the author(s) of the page, and the institution that backs or produces the page, if any. One quick way to check the purpose of a webpage is to look for any obvious ads. A webpage that is obviously trying to sell you something is not as likely to be a scholarly webpage. Runway.net has a multitude of ads right on its front page (Cousins homepage). Its purpose is clearly at least partially to sell you something, in this particular case the services of the webmasters in the area of web design. â€Å"Linguistic Diversity on the Internet† simply has functional menus leading to the information being presented (Jones homepage). There are no ads and not even any bright, flashy graphics. This article heads straight for the information in a professional manner, lending it a more scholarly feel. While prominently featured ads on a webpage do not necessarily mean that the webpage is a bad source, it should certainly be a cause for a deeper look into the merits of the page. Another good way to determine if a webpage is a useful source is to investigate the author or authors of the page. If no information at all is listed for the author, the page is useless because its authenticity can not be verified. The authors of Runway.net give no convincing credentials of any kind (Cousins About Us). While they do list their names, contacts, and some information about their background, there is no way to confirm that any of this information is true.

Branding, Pricing, and Distribution

Branding, Pricing, and Distribution Gary D. Tate Strayer University Marketing-500 Instructor: Brett Jordon 5/17/2012 Branding, pricing, and distribution are all integral parts of a strategic marketing plan. Each segment of the plan needs to be developed individually with the entire culmination of the plan in mind. In other words, each segment should be a link in the chain to a completed marketing strategy.The ultimate goal is to reach a successful culmination of all three tiers that will have a successful impact in introducing the brand, pricing it correctly, and forming a distribution model that will maximize the competitive advantage to the company or service in question. This report will outline the steps in developing a local branding outline as well as an international branding strategy . The idea behind branding is to differentiate your product, value, quality or service from your competitors, and make it more readily identifiable to the end user.There are at least four questio ns that need to be asked before implementing a branding strategy. The first of course is whether to brand the product vs, a no brand decision. The second decision would be to use a manufacturers brand vs. a private label strategy. The third question entails whether to go with a single brand vs. multiple brands. The final decision is to decide whether to brand in a local market or a global market or a combination of both. Branding in a global market is much more complicated than branding in a local market. When branding in a global market. Culture becomes a major consideration.It is generally wise to chose countries that have similar or closely related cultures and, or language skills to expand your brand globally. International marketing is the last frontier of the marketing discipline. International marketing is yet to be fully explored but is being increasingly tested to reach an ever growing sea of future consumers. The Lanham Trade-Mark Act of 1947 defines a trademark as â€Å" any work, name, symbol, or device, or any combination thereof adopted and used by a manufacture or merchant to identify his goods and distinguish them from those manufactured or sold by others. Preoccupation with the marketing aspect of branding without giving due consideration to the legal aspect may easily defeat the main purpose of a trademark and protection of the owners valuable property. Onkpisit (2001). The legal rights to a registered trademark do not necessarily prevent others from illegally using it from counterfeiting in other countries. Branding in the host country (United States) is protected by law but this does not extend to foreign entities. A brand is an idea or image of a specific that customers can identify with.It can be associated to the product or service by name, slogan, or image portrayed by the initiating company. Branding is when the idea or image is recognized by more and more people. Branding is especially important in e-business. People will naturally se arch for brands or names they can quickly associate with. The foundation of your brand is your logo. Branding is developed through your website, packaging, and all promotional materials. Your brand strategy consist of how, what, where,, when, and to whom you are to communicate your brand message to.Branding is a continuous marketing strategy that may continue through numerous generations of existing and potential customers. The brand should add intrinsic value in the form of perceived quality or emotional attachment. The brand, slogan or logo should be placed on every aspect of your business. The brand is what helps to differentiate your product from all others. The significance of branding is important whether you are involved in a domestic market or a global campaign. One of the most difficult is to decide how much to charge for your product or service.There is no single or right way to determine the correct price for your product. There are several considerations that may be cons idered when pricing your product or service. How do want to position your product or service. Do you want to be perceived as a discount outlet? If this is the case, you will want to keep your prices low. On the other hand, If you want to be perceived as a limited edition or luxury product or service, you will command a higher price structure. People really do equate price with quality. Other criteria for pricing would be to estimate what the demand will be for your product or service.The price will normally affect the demand curve. The higher the price, the less the demand in most cases for the product or service. In order to get the best possible price, a marketer might do some test marketing in several similar markets using a different price for each. Generally, the best price will be the one that provides the maximum amount of profit to the company. Example: 100 widgets for $1. 00 get 78 sales. 100 widgets for $2. 00 get 49 sales. 100 widgets for $3. 00 get 14 sales. The middle p rice would constitute the biggest profit for the company.The first example provides 78 dollars in revenue, the second 98, and the third 42. The $2. 00 price would be the most appropriate. Another consideration concerning pricing involves the costs associated with the manufacture and distribution of the product or service. All costs fixed or variable must be considered in pricing the product to maximize profit. The main consideration for any business is to maximize profit. Profit margins can vary drastically from industry to industry, but no matter the margin, a profit must be maintained to sustain the company. Environmental considerations must also be taken into account.Certain regulations place constraints on the price the company can charge. Lowering your price to low might trigger price wars from your competitors. A company needs to examine what external factors might affect the price charged. The next step is to determine what pricing strategy should be used in implementing your price. Short-term profit maximization might be considered for optimal cash flow for a cash strapped company, but may be a hindrance to long term profits. Short-term revenue maximization may be the approach used to lowering costs through economies of scale.This approach is frequently used when trying to lure investors. The company realizes little profit but builds market share. Maximizing quantity can be used in lowering long term cost or to maximize market penetration. A company may chose to maximize profit margin. This strategy is used when sales are lower than expected or sporadic in nature. Differentiation is another extreme that sets the company up as different from other competitors and generally commands a higher price. The perceived differentiation is one created by the marketer to command a psychological benefit to the customer.No matter what pricing strategy you may chose, the price must seem fair to the consumer, or they will not buy. Strategic distribution channels lead to a competitive advantage from the configuration network. The company must determine what type of distribution channels will be used to supply the product or service to the end user. Two basic methods are basically used to channel goods or services to the customer, direct and the use of subsidiaries. If you will be dealing directly with the customer, a simplified warehousing and shipping department should suffice.If you are using intermediaries to deliver the product or service, it is crucial to select partners who will be excellent stewards for delivering the product or service to the customer or end user in a timely manner. The distribution strategy should be defined on the number and types of customer interface. Much of the decisions will depend on the order entry points and how fulfillment to the customer is handled. Careful thought must be given to the cost factor when establishing a distribution network. Consumer products fall into two basic categories, remote access( web or catalog sales or local access( typically brick and mortar operations.Remote access is generally made by phone, mail, e-mail, or from a website. Fulfillment of an order is generally shipped directly to the end user by Fed-Ex, UPS, or Postal carriers. Local access is still the most prevalent form of distribution. Sales from the web have been increasing and according to news reports have reached a staggering six percent of all sales. In many cases the distribution strategy has led to a cooperative mingling of both remote access and brick and mortar retail or wholesale outlets. This trend should continue to grow with the increased ease of shopping through advanced technical means.Shopping by phone is becoming increasingly popular. The downside of this type of transaction lies in the security issues that abound. References Distribution Strategy retrieved May 19th from Faculty. msb. edu/homak/homahelpsite//WebHelp/Distribution_Strategy. htm Onkpisit (2012). , What is Branding? Retrieved f rom Entrepreneur Media, Inc. on may 20th, 2012 from www. entrepreneur. com Allen, Scott, Pricing Strategy How much should you Charge? Retrieved on May 21st, 2012 from http://entrepreneurs. about. com/od/salesmarketing/a/pricingstrategy. htm Branding, Pricing, and Distribution Branding, Pricing, and Distribution Gary D. Tate Strayer University Marketing-500 Instructor: Brett Jordon 5/17/2012 Branding, pricing, and distribution are all integral parts of a strategic marketing plan. Each segment of the plan needs to be developed individually with the entire culmination of the plan in mind. In other words, each segment should be a link in the chain to a completed marketing strategy.The ultimate goal is to reach a successful culmination of all three tiers that will have a successful impact in introducing the brand, pricing it correctly, and forming a distribution model that will maximize the competitive advantage to the company or service in question. This report will outline the steps in developing a local branding outline as well as an international branding strategy . The idea behind branding is to differentiate your product, value, quality or service from your competitors, and make it more readily identifiable to the end user.There are at least four questio ns that need to be asked before implementing a branding strategy. The first of course is whether to brand the product vs, a no brand decision. The second decision would be to use a manufacturers brand vs. a private label strategy. The third question entails whether to go with a single brand vs. multiple brands. The final decision is to decide whether to brand in a local market or a global market or a combination of both. Branding in a global market is much more complicated than branding in a local market. When branding in a global market. Culture becomes a major consideration.It is generally wise to chose countries that have similar or closely related cultures and, or language skills to expand your brand globally. International marketing is the last frontier of the marketing discipline. International marketing is yet to be fully explored but is being increasingly tested to reach an ever growing sea of future consumers. The Lanham Trade-Mark Act of 1947 defines a trademark as â€Å" any work, name, symbol, or device, or any combination thereof adopted and used by a manufacture or merchant to identify his goods and distinguish them from those manufactured or sold by others. Preoccupation with the marketing aspect of branding without giving due consideration to the legal aspect may easily defeat the main purpose of a trademark and protection of the owners valuable property. Onkpisit (2001). The legal rights to a registered trademark do not necessarily prevent others from illegally using it from counterfeiting in other countries. Branding in the host country (United States) is protected by law but this does not extend to foreign entities. A brand is an idea or image of a specific that customers can identify with.It can be associated to the product or service by name, slogan, or image portrayed by the initiating company. Branding is when the idea or image is recognized by more and more people. Branding is especially important in e-business. People will naturally se arch for brands or names they can quickly associate with. The foundation of your brand is your logo. Branding is developed through your website, packaging, and all promotional materials. Your brand strategy consist of how, what, where,, when, and to whom you are to communicate your brand message to.Branding is a continuous marketing strategy that may continue through numerous generations of existing and potential customers. The brand should add intrinsic value in the form of perceived quality or emotional attachment. The brand, slogan or logo should be placed on every aspect of your business. The brand is what helps to differentiate your product from all others. The significance of branding is important whether you are involved in a domestic market or a global campaign. One of the most difficult is to decide how much to charge for your product or service.There is no single or right way to determine the correct price for your product. There are several considerations that may be cons idered when pricing your product or service. How do want to position your product or service. Do you want to be perceived as a discount outlet? If this is the case, you will want to keep your prices low. On the other hand, If you want to be perceived as a limited edition or luxury product or service, you will command a higher price structure. People really do equate price with quality. Other criteria for pricing would be to estimate what the demand will be for your product or service.The price will normally affect the demand curve. The higher the price, the less the demand in most cases for the product or service. In order to get the best possible price, a marketer might do some test marketing in several similar markets using a different price for each. Generally, the best price will be the one that provides the maximum amount of profit to the company. Example: 100 widgets for $1. 00 get 78 sales. 100 widgets for $2. 00 get 49 sales. 100 widgets for $3. 00 get 14 sales. The middle p rice would constitute the biggest profit for the company.The first example provides 78 dollars in revenue, the second 98, and the third 42. The $2. 00 price would be the most appropriate. Another consideration concerning pricing involves the costs associated with the manufacture and distribution of the product or service. All costs fixed or variable must be considered in pricing the product to maximize profit. The main consideration for any business is to maximize profit. Profit margins can vary drastically from industry to industry, but no matter the margin, a profit must be maintained to sustain the company. Environmental considerations must also be taken into account.Certain regulations place constraints on the price the company can charge. Lowering your price to low might trigger price wars from your competitors. A company needs to examine what external factors might affect the price charged. The next step is to determine what pricing strategy should be used in implementing your price. Short-term profit maximization might be considered for optimal cash flow for a cash strapped company, but may be a hindrance to long term profits. Short-term revenue maximization may be the approach used to lowering costs through economies of scale.This approach is frequently used when trying to lure investors. The company realizes little profit but builds market share. Maximizing quantity can be used in lowering long term cost or to maximize market penetration. A company may chose to maximize profit margin. This strategy is used when sales are lower than expected or sporadic in nature. Differentiation is another extreme that sets the company up as different from other competitors and generally commands a higher price. The perceived differentiation is one created by the marketer to command a psychological benefit to the customer.No matter what pricing strategy you may chose, the price must seem fair to the consumer, or they will not buy. Strategic distribution channels lead to a competitive advantage from the configuration network. The company must determine what type of distribution channels will be used to supply the product or service to the end user. Two basic methods are basically used to channel goods or services to the customer, direct and the use of subsidiaries. If you will be dealing directly with the customer, a simplified warehousing and shipping department should suffice.If you are using intermediaries to deliver the product or service, it is crucial to select partners who will be excellent stewards for delivering the product or service to the customer or end user in a timely manner. The distribution strategy should be defined on the number and types of customer interface. Much of the decisions will depend on the order entry points and how fulfillment to the customer is handled. Careful thought must be given to the cost factor when establishing a distribution network. Consumer products fall into two basic categories, remote access( web or catalog sales or local access( typically brick and mortar operations.Remote access is generally made by phone, mail, e-mail, or from a website. Fulfillment of an order is generally shipped directly to the end user by Fed-Ex, UPS, or Postal carriers. Local access is still the most prevalent form of distribution. Sales from the web have been increasing and according to news reports have reached a staggering six percent of all sales. In many cases the distribution strategy has led to a cooperative mingling of both remote access and brick and mortar retail or wholesale outlets. This trend should continue to grow with the increased ease of shopping through advanced technical means.Shopping by phone is becoming increasingly popular. The downside of this type of transaction lies in the security issues that abound. References Distribution Strategy retrieved May 19th from Faculty. msb. edu/homak/homahelpsite//WebHelp/Distribution_Strategy. htm Onkpisit (2012). , What is Branding? Retrieved f rom Entrepreneur Media, Inc. on may 20th, 2012 from www. entrepreneur. com Allen, Scott, Pricing Strategy How much should you Charge? Retrieved on May 21st, 2012 from http://entrepreneurs. about. com/od/salesmarketing/a/pricingstrategy. htm