Blood Gas Measurement

The main gases found in blood are carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen (Bothara, 2007). The blood found in arteries is richer in oxygen and nitrogen while the one found in veins is richer in carbon dioxide. There are some arguments that blood gases exist freely while others view that such gases exist in a frail chemical combination.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Gas Measurement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, certain amount of carbonic acid that exists in chemical nature is found in bicarbonate of soda and the rest forms a base with phosphate. Blood gases refer to quantification of the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen available in blood (Toffalleti, 2001). In addition, it is used to quantify the level of blood acidity. Currently, there are various methods of measuring blood gases and each strategy has its perceived merits and demerits (Notes n.d.). ‘Mallinckrodt Sensor System’ emp loys a conservative â€Å"blood-gas technology† and it gives the results within ninety seconds. However, this method cannot allow a continuous blood assessment. Biomedical sensors use ocular quantification methodologies based on illumination from fibre optic bundle across a PH receptive dye. The light generated is returned to the apparatus through a different fibre optic bundle. Nevertheless, this method has a restricted accuracy and it takes more time to react. CDI 3M Healthcare utilizes dyes that incandesce at various intensities of carbon dioxide, oxygen and PH. It has been argued that this method is less accurate as it needs intervallic convection blood gases for verification (Ricco, 1997). Pulsed optical fluorescence is another method used in assessment of blood gases. An illumination of specific color intensity is passed through a fibre optic cable and then to a sensor that measures blood gases. In addition, calorimetric carbon dioxide detectors are used in blood gases test. There are those which depend on the acidity nature of carbonic acid and those which depend on ocular assessment techniques. Mass spectrometer techniques of blood gases can provide a progressive way of assessing oxygen tension (Ricco, 1997). These techniques recognize compounds according to their atomic mass. Another test used in blood gases is â€Å"transcutaneous oxygen measurement† which utilizes an electrode placed on the skin to assess oxygen tension in artery blood (Notes n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, there are traditional ‘blood gas electrodes’ such â€Å"miniaturized polarographic electrode† (fig. 1) that can be used to assess blood gases. According to Notes (n.d.), this strategy uses a â€Å"platinum cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode immersed in an electrolyte solution of potassium chloride†. A current is t hen passed through the solution and an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs depending on the amount of oxygen present (Toffelli, 2001). This method has a limitation in that platinum cathode can cause protein coagulation if openly put in blood. The above illustrated methods have a problem of calibration, reaction duration and assessment of blood flow. As such, these techniques may be defective and misleading. Thus, â€Å"Bentley Gas-STAT† method (Optical fluorescence microsensing) (fig. 2) may be appropriate (Notes n.d.). The method has its own calibration machine for primary calibration and this makes it effective to operate. Furthermore, assessment values can be shown at normal blood temperature. The method also provides prompt, progressive and exact readings. In this technique, illumination of a specific color is passed through the fibre optic cable and then to the disposable sensors (Notes n.d.). These sensors assess blood gases via a membrane that allow passage of hydrogen ions and gases. Sensors contain substances that are receptive to varying levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen and pH. When illumination produced from the apparatus arrives at the fluorescent substances on the sensor, molecules get stimulated and produce illumination of varying colors (Hasan, 2008). The illumination is transmitted back to the apparatus via a different fibre cable. The variation in intensity of emitted and received illumination is transformed into arithmetical data (in mmHg for carbon dioxide and oxygen and pH values). This method is widely used in measurement of blood gases â€Å"in the extracorporeal circuit during bypass surgery† (Notes n.d.). This is attributed to the fact that its sensor is highly optimized and can provide a steady predictable illumination. Sensor optimization was achieved by the use of â€Å"Taguchi double-signal optimization technique† due to increased needs for optimization during operations (Taguchi, Chowdhury and Taguchi, 2000). I n this process, chemical variables were optimized since this technique is based on ‘chemical fluorescence principle’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Gas Measurement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various methods of assessing blood gases with each strategy having its merits and demerits. In line methods have disadvantages in calibration, reaction time and authenticity of their results. However, optical fluorescence microsensing provide a solution to this problem. List of References Bothara, K., 2008. Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Mumbai: Nirali Prakashan. Hasan, A., 2008. Handbook of Blood Gas/Acid-Base Interpretation. London: Springer-Verlag. Notes., n.d. Various current brands available and their theoretical advantages disadvantages. Web. Ricco, A., 1997. Chemical and biological sensors and analytical electrochemical methods. New Jersey: The Electrochemical Society, Inc. T offelli, J., 2001. Special topics in diagnostic testing: blood gases and electrolytes. United States of America: Library of Congress. Taguchi, G., Chowdhury, S., and Taguchi, S., 2000. Robust engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Diagrams Fig. 1: Miniaturized polarographic electrode Fig. 2: Optical fluorescence microsensing This essay on Blood Gas Measurement was written and submitted by user Desiree Herrera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to hire employees who will ensure long-term success

How to hire employees who will ensure long-term success When you’re filling a position, the focus is often very immediate. Gotta fill the vacancy, right? And while the short-term needs are important, it’s also crucial to think about the long game here. Are you hiring someone who’s likely to be successful in this role long-term, or are you likely to be hiring for this same position in a year? Here’s are steps you can take to make sure you’re not wasting time and other resources on a lengthy hiring process again and again.Focus on the future.You know where your company is now, but where is it likely to be in two years? If your company values technology or innovation, are you hiring people with the skills to adapt? Don’t find people who can tackle today’s projects- find people who can innovate for tomorrow’s.  Choosing someone who can jog along, for now, just to fill a position will be a detriment to your company. By staying on top of the trends in your industry, you can help figure o ut which skills are going to be in demand soon, if not now.Build a company-focused job description.True, you want someone to be able to manage the day-to-day tasks of the job right away, so it’s important to make sure tasks and responsibilities are clear. But also be sure to emphasize the skills that mean success in the role, not just basic ability. And it may be that a candidate doesn’t yet have experience that ticks off some of the boxes in the job description, but has shown the kind of adaptability and potential that would let him grow into the role.You want to make sure your job description reflects what the company needs, not just what the role itself demands. This job doesn’t exist in a vacuum, so if you want someone who is going to fit into the team for a long time to come, it’s important to recruit for that fit up front instead of focusing 100% on the day-to-day responsibilities of this one position.Trust your instincts.It’s really okay to go off-book (or away from the job description) if you feel like someone will be a good fit, even if there’s some misalignment with the job description as written. Similarly, if Candidate A technically meets the expectations of the job, but Candidate B, who has less or different experience, feels like a better fit, listen to that too. You’re in your position for a reason- your gut is a good indicator of who will be best for the team and the company. It’s okay to stray from the â€Å"rules† for a candidate who stands out.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Leverage your networks.If you’re looking for someone who would be a good fit for your company long term, that just may not be resume #47 from the slush pile. Instead, see how you can leverage existing employees’ networks, the company’s social media accounts, and other social connections (like college alumni networks) to broaden your recruiting.People wh o already work for your company, or are familiar with the company, will often have great, knowledgeable referrals for open positions. That friend of a friend who’s perfect for a job, or an old colleague from way back when might not even know about the opening except for the tip from their own network. So it’s important to make sure you’re working the social angles as well as the more traditional job boards or recruiting methods.You’re already all about hiring the best people, but if you can get the best people + longevity, you’re setting up yourself and your company for an even brighter future.